Cover page photograph: Ruins in Afghanistan. Location: Ajiristan District, Ghazni Province, Southeast Region of Afghanistan. Photograph property of Eckart Rohde©2005, published by the courtesy of the author.

Figure 1. Afghanistan’s power brokers. Source: Barnett R. Rubin, “Briefing on Afghanistan – AFNORTH” (2003b).

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Figure 2. Perception of security. Source: Asia Foundation: “Voter Education Planning Survey: Afghanistan 2004 National Elections,” Kabul (2004), in “Afghanistan’s Millennium Development Goals,” UN Report, Vision 2020 (2005).

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Figure 3. Afghan Presidential Elections: secrecy of the ballot. Location: Kharwar District, Logar Province, Central Region of Afghanistan. Source: UNAMA field materials (2004).

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Figure 4. Afghanistan opium production, 1980-2005. Source: ODC Statistical Annex to “The Opium Situation in Afghanistan 2005,” (2005).

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Figure 5. Gross income of poppy cultivation per hectare in U.S.$, Source: ODC “Afghanistan Opium Survey 2005,” (2005).

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Figure 6. Income from Opium Compared to International Aid to Afghanistan (2002-2003). Source: Barnett Rubin,“Road to Ruin”(2004b).

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Figure 7a. Pre-modern model.

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Figure 7b. Modern model.

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Figure 7c. Post-modern model.

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Figure 7d. Optional post-modern model – Warlordism.

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